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Ikirahuri cya Quartz cyashongeshejwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa kwars karemano
Imiterere yubwubatsi bwa Quartz Ikirahure
Ikirahuri cyiza cya quartz kigizwe na silika imwe (SiO₂), kandi imigozi ya Si-O mubirahuri bya quartz itunganijwe muburyo bugufi bwateganijwe kandi buringaniye buringaniye.Bitewe nimbaraga zikomeye kandi zihamye za Si- O bond, ikirahuri cya quartz gifite ubushyuhe bworoshe cyane, uburyo bwiza bwogukwirakwiza ibintu, coefficient nkeya cyane yo kwaguka kwinshi nubushuhe, ihindagurika ryimiti cyane, irwanya imirasire hamwe nubuzima burambye bwo gukora mubihe bikabije.
Umutungo mwiza
Ikirahuri cya Quartz gifite urutonde rwibintu byiza bya optique. Ugereranije nikirahuri gisanzwe, ikirahure cyinshi cya quartz ikirahure gifite itumanaho ryiza mugice kinini cyane kuva ultraviolet ya kure (160nm) kugera kuri infragre ya kure (5μm), itaboneka mubirahuri rusange bya optique. Ihererekanyabubasha ryiza cyane hamwe nuburinganire bwa optique bituma ikirahuri cya quartz gikoreshwa cyane muri lithographie ya semiconductor hamwe nibikoresho bya optique neza. Byongeye kandi, ikirahuri cya quartz gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imirasire, ikirahuri cya quartz gifite imishwarara yakoreshejwe cyane nkibikoresho byidirishya mubyogajuru, ibifuniko bikingira ibice by'ingenzi bigize laboratoire.
Umutungo wa mashini
Ikirahuri cya Quartz gisa nikirahuri gisanzwe, ni ibintu byoroshye kandi bikomeye. kimwe nkikirahuri gisanzwe, imbaraga zingirakamaro zikirahure cya quartz ziterwa nibintu byinshi. Harimo imiterere yubuso, geometrie nuburyo bwo gupima. Imbaraga zo kwikuramo ikirahuri cya quartz kibonerana muri rusange ni 490 ~ 1960MPa, Imbaraga zingana ni 50 ~ 70MPa, imbaraga zunama ni 66 ~ 108MPa, naho imbaraga za torsional zigera kuri 30MPa.
Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
Ikirahuri cya Quartz nikintu cyiza cyane cyamashanyarazi. Ugereranije nikirahuri gisanzwe, ikirahuri cya quartz gifite imbaraga zo guhangana cyane, kandi ikirahuri cya quartz mubushyuhe bwicyumba kiri hejuru ya 1.8 × 1019Ω ∙ cm. Byongeye kandi, ikirahuri cya quartz gifite voltage yo hejuru cyane (hafi inshuro 20 yikirahuri gisanzwe) hamwe no gutakaza dielectric yo hasi. Kurwanya ikirahuri cya quartz byagabanutseho gato hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe, kandi kurwanya ibirahuri bya opaque quartz byari munsi yubwa ikirahuri kibonerana.
Umutungo ushushe
Kuberako ikirahuri cya quartz hafi ya yose ikomeye ya Si-O ikomeye, ubushyuhe bwayo bworoshe cyane ni hejuru, kandi ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwakazi bushobora kugera kuri 1000 ℃. Byongeye kandi, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwikirahure cya quartz nicyo cyo hasi cyane mubirahuri bisanzwe byinganda , hamwe na coefficient yayo yo kwaguka irashobora kugera kuri 5 × 10-7 / ℃. Ikirahure cya quartz cyihariye gishobora no kugera kuri zeru kwaguka. Ikirahuri cya Quartz nacyo gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Nubwo cyaba gifite inshuro nyinshi itandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe mugihe gito, ntirizacika. Ibikoresho byiza byubushyuhe bituma ikirahuri cya quartz kidasimburwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nakazi gakabije.
Ikirahure cyiza cya quartz kirashobora gukoreshwa mugukora chip mu nganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri, ibikoresho bifasha mu gukora fibre optique, kwitegereza Windows ku ziko ry’inganda zifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, amasoko y’umuriro w'amashanyarazi menshi, hamwe n’ubuso bw’ikirere nk'urwego rwo kubika ubushyuhe. .Ubushobozi buke cyane bwo kwagura ubushyuhe nabwo butuma ikirahuri cya quartz gikoreshwa mubikoresho bisobanutse hamwe nibikoresho bya lens kuri telesikopi nini y’inyenyeri.
Imiterere yimiti
Ikirahuri cya Quartz gifite imiti ihamye cyane. Bitandukanye nibindi birahuri byubucuruzi, ikirahuri cya quartz gihamye mumazi, Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi asaba amazi meza cyane. Ikirahuri cya Quartz gifite aside irwanya umunyu mwinshi, Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi asaba amazi meza cyane. Ikirahuri cya Quartz gifite aside nziza kandi irwanya umunyu, Usibye aside hydrofluoric, aside fosifori nigisubizo cyumunyu wibanze, ntabwo ikora na acide nyinshi hamwe nigisubizo cyumunyu. Ugereranije na aside hamwe numuti wumunyu, ikirahuri cya Quartz gifite ubukana bwa alkaline kandi ikora ibisubizo bya alkali mubushyuhe bwinshi. Mubyongeyeho, ikirahuri cya quartz hamwe na oxyde nyinshi, Ibyuma, ubutare, na gaze ntibitwara mubushyuhe busanzwe. Isuku ryinshi cyane hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza butuma ikirahuri cya quartz gikwiriye gukoreshwa mubidukikije bifite umusaruro mwinshi mubikorwa bya semiconductor.
Ibindi bintu
Uruhushya: Imiterere yikirahuri cya quartz iraruhutse cyane, ndetse no mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ituma ion za gaze zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukwirakwira murusobe.Gukwirakwiza ioni sodium niko byihuta. Iyi mikorere yikirahuri cya quartz ningirakamaro cyane kubakoresha, kurugero, mugihe ikirahuri cya quartz gikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo hejuru cyubushyuhe cyangwa umuyoboro wa diffuzione mu nganda za semiconductor, bitewe nubuziranenge bwinshi bwibikoresho bya semiconductor, ibikoresho bivunika bihura na quartz ikirahure nk'itanura rigomba kubanza gutunganywa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukora isuku, kuvanaho umwanda wa alkaline ya potasiyumu na sodium, hanyuma ugashyirwa mubirahuri bya quartz kugirango ukoreshwe.
Ikoreshwa rya Quartz Ikirahure
Nkibikoresho byingenzi, ikirahuri cya quartz gikoreshwa cyane mugutumanaho kwa optique, ikirere, isoko yumucyo wamashanyarazi, semiconductor, tekinoroji nshya ya optique.
1. Umwanya w'itumanaho ryiza: ikirahuri cya quartz nigikoresho cyingirakamaro mugukora fibre optique fibre yakozwe mbere nogushushanya fibre optique, cyane cyane ikorera kumasoko fatizo ihuza amasoko, kandi ukuza kwigihe cya 5G byazanye isoko ryinshi rya fibre optique.
2. Umucyo mushya: itara ryinshi rya mercure, itara rya xenon, itara rya tungsten iyode, itara rya thallium iyode, itara rya infragre n itara rya germiside.
3. Icyerekezo cya Semiconductor: Ikirahuri cya Quartz nikintu cyingirakamaro mugikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe nibikoresho, nka Germanium yakuze, Crucible ya silicon imwe ya kirisiti, itanura rya feri na jar ya joro ... nibindi.
4. Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rishya: hamwe n’imikorere myiza y’ijwi, urumuri n’amashanyarazi, umurongo utinda wa ultrasonic kuri radar, gushakisha icyerekezo cya infragre, Prism, lens yo gufotora infragre, itumanaho, spekitografi, spekitifoto, yerekana idirishya rya telesikope nini y’ikirere; , ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora idirishya, Imashini, ibyuma bya radio; Roketi, izuru rya misile, nozzles na radome, ibice bya radiyo yo gukwirakwiza satelite; thermobalance, vacuum adsorption igikoresho, guta neza ... nibindi.
Ikirahuri cya Quartz gikoreshwa kandi mu nganda zikora imiti, metallurgie, amashanyarazi, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi bintu. Mu nganda z’imiti, irashobora gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa aside irwanya gaze, gukonjesha no guhumeka; Igikoresho cyo kubika; Gutegura amazi yamenetse, aside hydrochloric, aside nitric, aside sulfurike, nibindi, hamwe nubundi bushakashatsi bwumubiri nubumashini.Mu mikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, irashobora gukoreshwa nkumuriro wamashanyarazi wamashanyarazi hamwe na radiyo yaka umuriro. Muri optique, ikirahuri cya quartz hamwe na quartz ibirahuri byubwoya birashobora gukoreshwa nka roketi ya roketi, icyogajuru cy’ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere hamwe n’idirishya ryitegereza, mu ijambo, hamwe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ikirahuri cya quartz cyakoreshejwe cyane mu bice bitandukanye.
Ahantu ho Gusaba Ikirahure cya Quartz
Hamwe nibintu byiza byumubiri na chimique, ikirahuri cya quartz gikoreshwa cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, isukuye, irwanya ruswa, kwanduza urumuri, kuyungurura nibindi bikoresho byihariye byo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga, ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu bice bya semiconductor, mu kirere, mu itumanaho rya optique.
Umwanya wa Semiconductor
Semiconductor quartz ibirahuri bingana na 68% byisoko ryibicuruzwa bya kwartz, naho umurima wa semiconductor nu murima munini usaba mu kirahure cya quartz kumanuka. Ibikoresho bya Quartz byibirahure nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora chip ya semiconductor, kandi birasabwa gutwara ibikoresho nibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuziba kwa semiconductor, gukwirakwizwa, okiside.
Umwanya wo gutumanaho neza
Inkoni ya Quartz nibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukora fibre optique. Kurenga 95% bya fibre fibre yabugenewe igabanijwemo ikirahure cyiza cya quartz, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byikirahure bya quartz bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukora fibre bar no gushushanya insinga, nko gufata inkoni nibikombe bya quartz.
Amashanyarazi yatanzwe
Ibikoresho bya sintetike ya quartz ikoreshwa nka lens, prism, TFT-LCD HD yerekana hamwe na IC yumucyo wa mask ya substrate ibikoresho murwego rwohejuru rwa optique.
Ibirahuri bya Quartz nibintu byingenzi bikoreshwa nibikoresho fatizo mubice bitandukanye, bigabanya umusaruro wibicuruzwa mu nganda zo hasi, kandi nta kindi gicuruzwa kiriho ubu, bityo rero ikirahuri cya quartz ni kirekire. Mu nganda zo hasi, cyane cyane iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zinganda n’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, iterambere ry’inganda z’ibirahuri rya quartz rizakomeza kwiyongera.
| Umuriro wahujije Quartz | Amashanyarazi ya Quartz | Opaque Quartz | Synthetic Quartz | ||
| Ibikoresho bya mashini | Ubucucike （g / cm3) | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.95-2.15 | 2.2 |
| Modulus yumusoreGpa） | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | |
| Ikigereranyo cya Poisson | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | ||
| Bending St reng(MPa) | 65-95 | 65-95 | 42-68 | 65-95 | |
| Kwiyunvisha St reng th(MPa) | 1100 | 1100 | 1100 | ||
| Tensile St reng(MPa) | 50 | 50 | 50 | ||
| Torsional St burigihe th(MPa) | 30 | 30 | 30 | ||
| Mohs Gukomera(MPa) | 6-7 | 6-7 | 6-7 | ||
| Bubble Diameter(nimugoroba) | 100 | ||||
| Ibyiza by'amashanyarazi | Dielectric Constant （10GHz） | 3.74 | 3.74 | 3.74 | 3.74 |
| Ikintu cyatakaye （10GHz） | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | |
| Dielec trie St reng(V / m) | 3.7X107 | 3.7X107 | 3.7X107 | 3.7X107 | |
| Kurwanya （20 ° C） （Q.・cm） | >1X1016 | >1X1016 | >1X1016 | >1X1016 | |
| Kurwanya （1000 ℃） （Q • cm） | >1X106 | >1X106 | >1X106 | >1X106 | |
| Ibyiza bya Thermal | Ingingo yoroshye （C） | 1670 | 1710 | 1670 | 1600 |
| Ingingo ya Annealing （C） | 1150 | 1215 | 1150 | 1100 | |
| Ahantu h'imvura(C.) | 1070 | 1150 | 1070 | 1000 | |
| Amashanyarazi(W / M.・K.) | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.24 | 1.38 | |
| Ubushyuhe bwihariye （20 ℃） （J / KG・K） | 749 | 749 | 749 | 790 | |
| Coefficient yo kwaguka （X10-7/ K） | a:25C.~ 200C.6.4 | a:25C.~ 100C.5.7 | a:25C.~ 200C.6.4 | a:25C.~ 200C.6.4 | |